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Apocalypse: The Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome AD 66-73, by Neil Faulkner
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Ancient Palestine was a ferment of social and ideological conflict. Full-scale insurrectionary revolt exploded in AD 66 and took on a revolutionary character as moderate upper-class leaders were pushed aside and replaced by popular radicals. The war that followed was bitterly fought, and culminated in the five-month siege of Jerusalem in the summer of AD 70. which ended with the fall and destruction of the city amid appalling atrocities. Mopping-up operations concluded with the spectacular siege of Masada in AD 73. First published in 2002. Dt Neil Faulkner's acclaimed Apocalypse is a gripping account of a series of events that rocked the Roman Empire. Despite their ultimate defeat, the Jewish rebels inspired future revolts and their actions had huge implications for the future course, and transformative character, of the threegreat Mediterranean religions, Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Dr Faulkner says, even failed revolutions change history.
- Sales Rank: #716007 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-09-30
- Released on: 2012-09-30
- Format: Kindle eBook
Most helpful customer reviews
14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
The Jewish revolt from ground level
By J. Tham
This book does a wonderful job of describing the conflict not merely by recounting the dates of events and names of leaders but by trying to get inside the head of the countless nameless people who lived it. The friction between the Greek-influenced factions (from the times when the area was ruled by one of the Alexandrian successor-states) and the more traditionally minded majority, between landed noble and tax-broken peasant, between conservative priest and apocalyptic visionary, etc etc, Faulkner makes the conflict as complicated as it probably was. The author's comparison between the Jewish rebels and modern-day Hamas and Hizbollah, as well as his many references to Marxist theory, will undoubtedly offend many readers but it should not deter you from this book. One of its most interesting features is the description of the nature of Jewish religion at the time, as something truly dynamic and ever evolving, alive in a way that can be hard to understand in a modern day and age. Between discussions of economics, religion and class, you get some quite good accounts of warfare in those times, again as seen by the common spearman or slinger rather than his general.
This is a very interesting book written from an unusual perspective. I highly recommend it for anyone who is already heavily into history. The casual reader may or may not enjoy it as much as the history-buffs because it sure helps to know a few things about ancient history (such as the Roman Empire or the Successor States).
28 of 39 people found the following review helpful.
A Marxist Interpretation of the Great Jewish Revolt
By Daniel Weitz
First let me state that this book is very well written, although at times the prose tends to be a bit "over the top". It was a good read, the the battle descriptions are excellent, although I don't agree with all of his interpretations of ancient battle. He has been heavily infuenced by Keegan, and the works of SLA Marshal, even though the latter has been discredited.
My main complaint about the book is its Marxist historical view.
It has a bibliography of 104 books; but 6 are Marxist books on the English Civil War, 18 are other Marxist works, and yet only two of the works are by post-1990 Israeli authors! Trotsky, and John Reed are quoted, and Poncho Villa is glorified in a work on Jewish history.
The path that he leads us on can be frustrating. As`the author is about to describe the battle of Beth Horon we enter a 60 page excusus on Qumran.
To this author even Danton is too conservative! Yet, he does make one think; perhaps there was an element of class conflict in this struggle...but surely not to the way he portrays this, as an exclusively a struggle of class.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Good, despite the author's bias
By JPS
Strangely, this book turned out to be a good account and explanation of the great Jewish revolt of AD 66-73 against Rome, and its context, despite the author's biases. As some other reviewers have mentioned, the author uses a Marxist framework to analyse the revolt, making it into some kind of class war of the "have not" against the "haves". The first problem with such a framework is that it is deeply anachronistic. It also essentially assumes some kind of "class conscience" among poor Jews, most of which being smallholders living in villages according to the author. This is where the analysis meets its limits with the author stating at some point that these smallholders were very much individualistic, like all peasants through the ages. Therefore, they had no class consciousness and one of the main assumptions of the whole analysis is invalidated.
A second type of anachronism, bias and over-simplification is to depict is to depict all of the Jewish elite as leaning towards collaboration with the Romans. Their main motivation according to the author seems to be to retain control or, when this is no longer possible, to save themselves, their property and their influence. In other words, they are shown as potential "traitors", ready to switch sides when the occasion presented itself, as Joseph did, who happens to be the main and sometimes only source for most of these events. A third type of bias relates to the Romans and their imperialism. Here the author sometimes descends into "ad hominem" attacks with disparaging comments regarding Roman aristocrats, and against Titus (Vespasian's son), who is presented as not very bright without the slightest explanation or justification.
Despite these sometimes annoying biases, however, the author has managed to come up with a rather good book which is very interesting to read. This is partly because the author has clearly well researched his topic. It is also because he presents in detail the "collaborators and compromisers" on the one hand, and the various sects, factions, movements and categories of population which made up what he terms the "revolutionary movement". He also shows how these were deeply influenced by the various religious currents. This is both interesting and telling, since his analysis is a Marxist one and he proclaims himself as an atheist. He also shows to what extent various interpretations of Judaism at the time were "revolutionary" (to use his own terminology) and directed against the social order and against the Roman occupiers who, as elsewhere throughout the Empire, relied on and used the local elites in exchange of privileges to keep control of the masses. The "class warfare" presentation is somewhat exaggerated and an oversimplification. It may also be somewhat inaccurate to the extent that the revolt had multiple dimensions and may have meant different things to different people. It also had an element of civil war in it, if only because the pro-Roman client King always had his own faction and certainly not all of these were "rich" or members of the elite.
Where the author is perhaps at his best is when he describes in detail the various phases of the revolt and the subsequent war. His depiction of the Roman war-machine and its initial disasters due to overconfidence and to underestimating the opposition is remarkably good and these are mistakes that the Romans were prone to (think of the Teutoburg disaster for instance). Time and again, the Romans seem to have underestimated the resolution of the Jews and were taken by surprise, despite their superior training, equipment and organization, and despite the methodical "fire and sword" approach implemented by Vespasian and Titus.
Another excellent point is to emphasize the lull that followed the initial phases of the war, as the Flavians were distracted by, and then prioritised the events and civil war taking place in Rome and Italy before resuming operations against the "rebels". Related points are the strategy of attrition and of systematic reduction of the revolt that the Flavians developed and executed, which is also very well explained. The culmination of this relentless, ruthless and methodical strategy of "total war" was the siege and storming of Jerusalem and all of its associated horrors at a time where there were no such things as "Geneva Conventions". After that, the rest was "mopping up operations", including the much mythicized siege of Massada.
More contentious, however, although very interesting, are some of Faulkner's conclusions. He tends to believe that the Jews could have won and that the Romans could have pulled back and somehow throw in the towel. To make this case, he draws a somewhat dubious parallel with what happened after the disaster of Teutoburg in 9 AD where three Roman legionaries and their auxiliaries were wiped out. The army was pulled back to the Rhine and the frontier never reached the Elbe. It is, however, very doubtful that something similar could have happened in Judea, if only because of the closeness of the Parthians, but also because of the link between Syria and Egypt, two of the Empires richest provinces.
Besides, and whatever the author's personal sympathies for the revolutionaries might be, the numerous "turncoats" who seem to have increasingly tried to change sides as the situation worsened for the rebels and these became more and more radicalized may not have been mainly motivated by class warfare. More simply and more plausibly, they were simply trying to save their skin even if they meant abandoning a lost cause and betraying their coreligionists. No one, on either side, seems to have doubted the Romans relentlessness and determination to put down the revolt. The Roman repression, which the author entitles "the black terror" in another is his rather anachronistic titles and which he describes in detail, clearly illustrates their determination. However, and although, with the benefit of hindsight, it seems that the ultimate issue was not in doubt, the Jewish rebels clearly gave the Romans "a good run for their money" and very probably put up a much harder fight that the Romans had initially expected. This is also something that is rather superbly shown throughout the book.
Because of its qualities, and despite its biases, I believe this book is just about worth four stars (although three and a half might have been more appropriate, had it been possible). If you manage to make abstraction of these biases or if you do not really care about them (or perhaps share them), then you are likely to enjoy this book as much as I did.
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