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For readers of Michael Lewis comes an engrossing tale of a country’s spectacular rise and fall, intertwined with the story of Brazil’s wealthiest citizen, Eike Batista—a universal story of hubris and tragedy that uncovers the deeper meaning of this era of billionaires.
NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE FINANCIAL TIMES
When Bloomberg News invited the young American journalist Alex Cuadros to report on Brazil’s emerging class of billionaires at the height of the historic Brazilian boom, he was poised to cover two of the biggest business stories of our time: how the giants of the developing world were triumphantly taking their place at the center of global capitalism, and how wealth inequality was changing societies everywhere. The billionaires of Brazil and their massive fortunes resided at the very top of their country’s economic pyramid, and whether they quietly accumulated exceptional power or extravagantly displayed their decadence, they formed a potent microcosm of the world’s richest .001 percent.
Eike Batista, a flamboyant and charismatic evangelist for the country’s new gospel of wealth, epitomized much of this rarefied sphere: In 2012, Batista ranked as the eighth-richest person in the world, was famous for his marriage to a beauty queen, and was a fixture in the Brazilian press. His constantly repeated ambition was to become the world’s richest man and to bring Brazil along with him to the top.
But by 2015, Batista was bankrupt, his son Thor had been indicted for manslaughter, and Brazil—its president facing impeachment, its provinces combating an epidemic, and its business and political class torn apart by scandal—had become a cautionary tale of a country run aground by its elites.
Over the four years Cuadros was on the billionaire beat, he reported on media moguls and televangelists, energy barons and shadowy figures from the years of military dictatorship, soy barons who lived on the outskirts of the Amazon, and new-economy billionaires spinning money from speculation. He learned just how deeply they all reached into Brazilian life. They held sway over the economy, government, media, and stewardship of the environment; they determined the spiritual fates and populated the imaginations of their countrymen. Cuadros’s zealous reporting takes us from penthouses to courtrooms, from favelas to extravagant art fairs, from scenes of unimaginable wealth to desperate, massive street protests. Within a business narrative that deftly explains and dramatizes the volatility of the global economy, Cuadros offers us literary journalism with a grand sweep.
Praise for Brazillionaires
“A wild, richly reported tale�about Brazil’s recent economic rise and fall, and some of the biggest, most�colorful characters�in business in Brazil who now have a global reach. . . . Cuadros’s story really takes off when he focuses on Eike Batista, an over-the-top one-time billionaire who became the country’s corporate mascot, only to go bankrupt in a�dramatic unraveling.”—Andrew Ross Sorkin,�the�New York Times
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“In this�excellent book [Cuadros] has managed to use billionaires to illuminate the lives of both rich and poor Brazilians, and all those in between.”—The Economist
“Brazillionaires [is] journalist Alex Cuadros’s compelling tale of Brazil’s superrich, which deftly weaves lurid soap opera with high finance and outrageous political skullduggery. . . . If Brazil sometimes comes across as a circus in this compelling, thoroughly researched account, it is because it can be just that.”—The Wall Street Journal
- Sales Rank: #817871 in Books
- Published on: 2016-06-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x 1.02" w x 5.31" l, .93 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
Review
“Brazillionaires [is] journalist Alex Cuadros’s compelling tale of Brazil’s superrich, which deftly weaves lurid soap opera with high finance and outrageous political skullduggery. . . . If Brazil sometimes comes across as a circus in this compelling, thoroughly researched account, it is because it can be just that.”—The Wall Street Journal
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“The rise and fall of Batista is dramatically rendered in Brazillionaires, Alex Cuadros’s enjoyable, deeply reported account of Brazil’s outsize collection of tycoons.”—Eduardo Porter, The New York Times Book Review
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“A clear-eyed and often funny travelogue through the operatic lives of the country’s ultra-wealthy and their baneful relationship with the state . . . Ten years ago, [Brazil] was feted as a country that could do no wrong. Poverty and inequality were falling and businesses boomed. But the wheels have fallen off. The country is mired in its worst ever recession. . . . Cuadros’s blend of memoir, expos� and historical narrative provides a wonderful vehicle to explain how this state of affairs was reached.”—The Financial Times
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“Riveting . . . it’s a testament to Cuadros that he just doesn’t cover Brazil from his desk at Bloomberg but makes a point of immersing himself in the culture of corruption, and that’s what makes his book such a great, and at times hilarious, read.”—New York Post
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“Cuadros’s book, far from being rendered obsolete by the political and economic crisis, has become more relevant than ever. It serves as both a playbook and a who’s who for the seismic shift in power that just occurred here. . . . Brazillionaires is vital—and accessible—reading for anyone trying to decipher what just happened, and what may yet come, in Latin America’s largest country. . . . Cuadros proves to have a gift for elegant and straightforward explanations of some of the most befuddling aspects of the country’s politics and economics. . . . The real beneficiary however is his reader—he’s just the right mix of knowledgeable insider, and arch, critical outsider, and Brazillionaires is a welcome addition to the very sparse canon of good books about Brazil.”—The Globe and Mail
“A wild, richly reported tale�about Brazil’s recent economic rise and fall, and some of the biggest, most�colorful characters�in business in Brazil who now have a global reach. . . . Cuadros’s story really takes off when he focuses on Eike Batista, an over-the-top one-time billionaire who became the country’s corporate mascot, only to go bankrupt in a�dramatic unraveling.”—Andrew Ross Sorkin,�the�New York Times
“Well-rounded and -researched portraits of the staggering chasm between rich and poor in Brazil.”—Kirkus Reviews
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“Part memoir, part expos�, and part historical narrative, this fascinating look at wealth in Brazil is a strong debut for Cuadros. . . . Power is clearly the real impetus for the driven individuals profiled in the book. Readers will be eager to see what topic Cuadros tackles next.”—Publishers Weekly
“In this excellent book he has managed to use billionaires to illuminate the lives of both rich and poor Brazilians, and all those in between.”—The Economist
“There is no way to understand Brazil, the world’s fifth-largest country, without understanding how a handful of billionaires shape the country’s politics, media, and economy. With his profound insights and deep reporting, Alex Cuadros is an indispensable voice in telling this story of excess, corruption, and a society torn between hope and turmoil.”—Glenn Greenwald, author of No Place to Hide
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“Brazillionaires is an essential guide to understanding modern Brazil: its ups and downs, its flaws and lasting allure. But what makes it exceptional is that Cuadros uses his insights into how a particular set of exceptionally wealthy individuals in a particular historical context made money to ask a broader question: Why? What drives them? How are they different from the rest of us—or are they? This turns a unique feat of reportage into something even more fascinating: an exploration of wealth, what fuels our desire for it, and how it transforms us.”—Juliana Barbassa, author of Dancing with the Devil in the City of God
“Brazil’s shocking rise and even more shocking fall is one of the biggest stories of our young century. Alex Cuadros tells it through the stories of its billionaires—whose genius, hubris, and (in some cases) utter folly come through in vivid, human detail throughout this book.”—Brian Winter, co-author of The Accidental President of Brazil
“Alex Cuadros has written a splendidly original book. Brazillionaires gets into the heart and soul of present-day Brazil through the fascinatingly operatic lives of its billionaires, while also explaining the country’s unresolved battles in overcoming poverty, corruption, racism, and a great deal more. Written with verve, as well as a merciless eye for the truth, Brazillionaires is as engaging as it is timely.”—Jon Lee Anderson, author of Che Guevara
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“The lunatic, insular world of Brazil’s ultra-rich is opened up for scrutiny in Brazillionaires. Alex Cuadros’s skillful reportage and vivid prose illuminate the ideology of the some of the richest people anywhere, providing a meditation on the meaning of wealth and inequality not only in Brazil but in the United States and around the world.”—Kim Phillips-Fein, author of Invisible Hands
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“Brazillionaires should be required reading for anyone seeking to understand Brazil’s one percent: the billionaires who wield so much influence in Latin America’s richest country. Cuadros, a diligent and gifted reporter, does not shy away from asking tough questions as he digs deep into the country’s economic and social history to chronicle how these outback entrepreneurs got rich in the first place, and how they continue to support the culture of corruption that has led to Brazil’s most recent implosion. Once I started reading, I couldn’t stop.”—Isabel Vincent, author of Gilded Lily
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“Not only does Brazillionaires provide a perceptive and entertaining look into the rarified world of Brazil’s super wealthy elite, it also opens a window of insight into an utterly bewitching land of stark contrasts and colossal dimensions. From the grit of the Amazon rainforest to the lilting laughter of cocktail parties in the penthouse condos of S�o Paulo, Alex Cuadros brings all his journalistic and storytelling talents to bear in this important and highly readable book.”—Scott Wallace, author of The Unconquered
About the Author
Alex Cuadros has written for The Washington Post, The New York Times, Bloomberg Businessweek, The Awl, Slate, The Nation, and Mother Jones. After six years living in S�o Paulo, he recently moved back to New York City.
Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
God Is Brazilian
The New Brazil, Miami, and Hidden Wealth
“I follow the rules that I built for myself.”
—Abilio Diniz (4 billion)
A helicopter descended from the sky, its glossy body catching the oblique winter light. As it drew closer to me, a machine hiss overwhelmed that familiar deep faraway chop. Its little wheels perched gingerly on the roof of the S�o Paulo Sheraton. A pilot wearing wraparound sunglasses and pilot’s headphones hopped out, slid open the back door, and set up a three-�step ladder for us to board. He clasped his hands in front of him, waiting for us to get in, a chunky metallic watch on his right hand. It was 4:25 p.m. His punctuality was English, as Brazilians like to say.
The helicopter wasn’t for me. It was for a top editor visiting from New York, whose time Bloomberg News judged more valuable than the fifteen hundred dollars an hour it cost to hire a chopper to ferry him around. I was a twenty-�nine-�year-�old reporter tagging along to meet a big newsmaker. I climbed aboard with three other colleagues, my knees touching theirs in the backseat. Everyone put on a pair of those headphones.
As we rose into the air, the helipad retreated, S�o Paulo shrank. The Pinheiros River dwindled to a dark stripe, tiny cars filling up six lanes of freeway on either side. We left behind the Oct�vio Frias de Oliveira Bridge, a concrete X intersected by yellow cables supporting two crescents of road. We passed over office towers of gleaming dark blue glass, luxury condos of imitation granite, new buildings copying many architectural styles at once. I took photos on my BlackBerry, craning to see a city whose chaos seemed from this height to reorder itself in neat rows. The Bloomberg editor also sneaked a shot or two. Then, almost as soon as it had begun, the trip was over.
From the helipad we tromped downstairs into an office of many beiges—�the carpets, the desks, the filing cabinets. We were in the headquarters of a company known as Brasil Foods, BRF for short. It was surprisingly quiet given that BRF was Brazil’s biggest producer of packaged foods and the world’s biggest exporter of poultry, feeding millions of Russians and Arabs and Chinese. We settled into a conference room to wait for the company’s new chairman, Abilio Diniz, one of Brazil’s richest men. He owed his four-�billion-�dollar fortune to his family’s supermarket chain, Brazil’s largest—�another superlative. It was called P�o de A��car, Sugarloaf, after the iconic mountain in Rio.
Abilio Diniz famously worked out several hours a day, running, lifting weights, boxing, and playing squash, even at seventy-�six years old. He ate like a stereotypical Californian, avoiding the Brazilian staples of rice and beans and red meat. I’d seen a picture of him in a tank top doing the pectoral fly, and his face, lined and tan as a leather shoe, looked Photoshopped onto the body of a much younger man. Now here he was, bounding over to shake our hands, wearing khakis and a simple white button-�up shirt, no tie. He sat down, and the Bloomberg editor jumped straight into the interview. This was a mistake. In Brazil, you can’t cut straight to the chase. You need to ease into business, glide through some small talk, something about soccer, the weather, traffic. The other mistake was hitting him with the most obvious and least comfortable question first: How can you possibly be chairman of two public companies that do business with each other? P�o de A��car bought BRF’s TV dinners and yogurts and smoked turkey. “In all my time as a journalist, I don’t think I’ve ever seen such a thing,” the editor later said.
Abilio wasn’t just chairman of both companies, he owned stock in them. This had led to a clash between him and his French partner at P�o de A��car, Jean-�Charles Naouri. Alleging that Abilio’s dual roles made for a glaring conflict of interest, Naouri had filed for international arbitration. The dispute permeated the business press. For Abilio, though, it was just his latest messy public battle. In the early eighties, his father had decided to hand out shares in P�o de A��car based on his children’s performance in the company. Abilio got a sixteen percent stake while each of his two brothers got eight percent and their three sisters got just two percent each. Fights ensued, and as the alliances shifted, the siblings spilled their woes to a series of delighted journalists. In 1993 Abilio finally persuaded most of his family to sell their shares to him, cementing his control.
Abilio spoke halting English as he explained to us that the legal issues existed exclusively in Naouri’s head. There was no conflict of interest because Abilio felt there was none. “I follow the rules that I built for myself,” he said. He bounced in his chair, looking from one to another of us as though being interrogated. Now and then he squinted at his PR people with a look of pained incomprehension, and they helped him explain what his English couldn’t. Pressed on his dual roles, he snapped at last, in Portuguese: “Did you come to interview me, or did you come to provoke me?”
The conversation kept on like this for twenty minutes, until Abilio glanced around and asked, “Okay?”—�indicating our time was up. This was a man with a hierarchy of attentions. Journalists ranked low, though possibly above his press people. These he addressed without ever quite meeting their eyes, making offhand orders—�“I’ll take a water”; “You’ll send me that article later?”—�in the way of someone who rarely repeats himself.
But there was more to Abilio than conflict. In recent years he’d become a champion of healthy living. He wrote a best-�selling self-�help book, translated into English as Smart Choices for a Successful Life, and created a sports research center to advise Brazil’s Olympic athletes (and himself). Prepping before the chopper ride, I’d explained this to the Bloomberg editor. And so as Abilio began to hover from his seat, the editor’s last question was “What about health?”
Abilio settled into place again. His demeanor shifted entirely, his voice growing soft, quiet. His wife was forty-�one, younger than all four children from his first marriage. With her he had a six-�year-�old daughter and a three-�year-�old son. He believed these were signs he’d been blessed, literally, with special vitality, and his duty as a Catholic was to share this gift with the world. “The thing inside Abilio is my faith in God,” he said. “Okay?” Then he stood up, thanked us, and hurried off to other battles.
The helicopter returned to whisk the Bloomberg editor to the airport, an eleven-�minute flight that could take three hours by car during rush hour. I didn’t get to join him this time. Instead I walked to the nearest bus stop, an island in the middle of six lanes of frenzied traffic. There was an aerial walkway, but a half-�dozen people stood by the side of the road waiting to leap through a gap in the oncoming cars. They wore jeans, springy old running shoes, and puffy jackets whose color had faded in the strong sun of subtropical winter. In erratic dashes a few at a time, they surged across. Brazil was booming, but people still risked their lives just to get to work and back.
Brazil sounded more idyllic when I was growing up in Albuquerque, New Mexico. My parents told me stories about coming to Brazil in 1980. They had met by chance while traveling in Guatemala earlier that year, and made their way to Rio de Janeiro together. They went to a party with Jorge Ben Jor, the funk musician, and my dad first told my mom he loved her at a caf� in Copacabana. In their yellowing snapshots, they have long hair.
I heard another kind of story from my godfather, a private investigator named David Sullivan. He lived in Brazil off and on in the seventies and eighties and married a Brazilian who became my sister’s godmother. They later divorced, but he went on visiting the country up until his death in 2013. He used to tell me wild tales that ended with him greeting the morning sun on the beach, bleary-�eyed after a night of adventure. Once he told me how, when he first arrived in Brazil as a twenty-�something quasi-�drifter, he met a woman on the street hawking apartments for rent. He made as though he had more than a few dollars to his name, a fiction she didn’t even believe, he said, and she agreed to show him one of the units. Within moments, they were making love on the bare floor. Samba implicitly played in the soundtrack to these stories.
David dismissed S�o Paulo as a secondary attraction, a place you go to work, so I skipped it the first time I came to Brazil. It was 2005, and David had invited me to the house he’d built on an island near Paraty, down the coast from Rio. I’d just graduated from a small liberal arts college, and I decided to spend a month down there with my college girlfriend. Since I already knew Spanish, I figured three hours of Portuguese lessons would be enough to prepare me. I was wrong. The taxi driver at the airport seemed to speak solely in nasal vowels, breaking here and there into a theatrical falsetto. I could barely understand a word.
David received us in Rio. In Copacabana we walked the cal�ad�o, the promenade whose white limestone and black basalt sidewalk forms geometric waves mirroring the waves offshore. Bronzed dudes in Speedos on the beach passed a soccer ball from head to chest to foot to knee without ever letting it drop to the sand. We passed the Copacabana Palace hotel where Brigitte Bardot stayed, and then we passed a nightclub called Help, and David told us stories about the prostitutes there. In the street, a ragged minivan burped along with the sliding door ajar and a dark-�skinned kid hanging out, shouting out destinations to potential fares. Past the city, from the top of Corcovado Mountain, Christ the Redeemer spread his white stone arms to us. East was P�o de A��car, Sugarloaf, a giant thumb of rock poking up from the sea, with tiny tramcars creeping up and down distant threads of tramline. Corner shops offered the juice of dozens of fruits we’d never heard of, delicious flavors that just can’t be compared to anything up north: jabuticaba, acerola, caju. Of course we couldn’t help but notice the favelas. They crawled up the hills jutting from touristy neighborhoods, dull red cinderblock shacks stacked upon one another, crawling upward till they couldn’t crawl farther.
Along the way I meandered into Portuguese. I learned words with no English equivalent, like saudade, a nostalgic longing, and cafun�, the act of lovingly stroking someone’s hair. Malandros are tramps who live off the occasional swindle—�a category that, by consensus, includes most Brazilian politicians. But the malandro can also be a kind of antihero, because he gets what he wants in a country where most people struggle just to get by. My godfather told me about a malandro nicknamed O Cag�o—�The Big Turd—�who seduced a whole town’s married women yet always skirted retaliation from their husbands. The malandro’s talent is jeitinho. If jeito means “way,” then jeitinho is the “little way” around society’s rules. A word like that suggested a culture very different from the one I’d grown up with. I was hooked; I wanted to learn more.
In 2008 I quit my job at a publishing house in New York. My girlfriend had broken up with me, and I decided to take off backpacking around South America. I meant it as a salmon-�like repeat of my parents’ trip, except that I hoped to stay somewhere along the way and try my hand at journalism. I spent a month and a half in Brazil but ultimately settled in Colombia, which was much cheaper for a fledgling reporter.
I’d been freelancing for a year in Bogot� when someone from Bloomberg called me up and offered me a gig in the bureau there. My idea of the company was so vague that I didn’t even connect it to Michael Bloomberg, its billionaire owner and then the mayor of New York. Bloomberg News turned out to be the media appendage of Bloomberg L.P., which makes most of its billions by renting out financial-�data terminals to bankers and investors for twenty-�four thousand dollars a year. I knew nothing about finance and next to nothing about economics, and I was way more interested in writing about the poor. But I imagined the job would give me good reporting experience. More urgently, my savings had run out. So I accepted. With a few embarrassing errors along the way, I figured out the basics of quarterly profits, stock prices, bond yields. Surprising myself, I ended up fascinated by what I learned. Since I’d picked up some Portuguese while traveling, Bloomberg eventually offered me a job in S�o Paulo, Brazil’s financial capital. I took it for a simple reason—�I wanted to live in Brazil.
Bloomberg was one of scores of foreign companies expanding in Brazil. Commodity prices were soaring, and the economy had just about doubled in size in a decade. In the wake of 2008’s global financial crash, the GDP had stalled only briefly before revving up again. Some analysts predicted that, any day now, Brazil would surpass France and the UK to become the world’s fifth-�largest economy. The Brazil my godfather had seen in the eighties and early nineties, when prices at shops could double in a single month and forty million people barely earned enough to eat, seemed distant now. In a sign of its newfound credibility, Brazil had won its first-�ever investment-�grade credit rating from Standard & Poor’s. The Economist summed up the mood with a cover that showed Rio’s Christ the Redeemer statue rocketing skyward with the headline Brazil Takes Off.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Kudos to Cuadros on his remarkable first book!
By Tim Schnabel
If you want to read one book on what Brazil is like today and how it has evolved to the level of acute disparity between the super wealthy and the poor, Brazillionaires is the one! Its author, Alex Cuadros, not only learned Portuguese, but also immersed himself into the intricacies of this complex culture, living in Brazil for six years. \
As a former Peace Corps volunteer who served in Brazil many ago, I would have much preferred a book like Brazillionaires as required reading in addition to being exposed to the romance of this remarkable country during my Peace Corps training. The picture of the super wealthy using helicopters for a 12-minute flight that saves three hours in traffic is powerful. Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city has more helicopters has more helicopters than any other city in the world including New York!
One billionaire and his family are a major theme illustrating the power of privilege and decadence, and what happens when that wealth disappears.
Cuadros accurately describes the social cost of the less fortunate, those living in favelas (slums). There were tens of thousands displaced for construction of venues for both the World Cup in 2014 as well as the recent Olympics.
What is evident in his writing is that Cuadros, like this reviewer, fell in love with Brazil and its inhabitants. He won the hearts and trust of many along the way.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Turns out Brazil's billionaires explain a lot about Brazil
By talktobrent
A great starting point for those interested Brazil. The writing was intelligent and visual but still accessible and engaging. He provides sometimes sobering insight on Brazilian culture and inequality from personal observations, but also goes all the way back to its Portuguese roots. The author doesn't hide his own beliefs or political inklings, but they aren't central to the writing or imposed on his research. My only gripe might be that the author is inconsistent in a few spots on his assumptions of the readers knowledge of finance terms and Brazilian history, sometimes explaining things, and sometimes not. A browsing of Brazilian history may help a bit beforehand. The interesting revelations and conclusions in this book all pretty much occur in the middling chapters, and the ending is a bit stunted. If you are still interested afterwards, I'd also recommend checking out the book the author references several times, Roots of Brazil.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
True insights into Brazilian society, people and culture
By Amazon Customer
Alex Cuadro's narrative gives a wide and deep spectrum on Brazilian culture, society and history. He explains so many things that are omni-present in Brazilian society but that are difficult for an outsider to grasp and understand. It is by far the best book about Brazil that I have read by a contemporary writer.
Having lived several years in the country myself, I can confirm that Mr Cuadro has a very sensitive and accurate way of describing the society and its people. The book gave me numerous insights into the Brazilian society and culture. Many things I had not previously understood about Brazil, became clear when reading the book. It is a very personal narrative with true insights into the Brazilian soul and culture.
For anyone having lived, visited or just having an interest in Brazil, this is a must read.
Yours sincerely,
Joakim Olofsson, M.Sc. Economics Stockholm School of Economics. Programa de Mestrado de Fundac�o Getulio Vargas, S�o Paulo.
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